On September 25, the world’s most dominant marathoner, Eliud Kipchoge, made history again at the Berlin Marathon, setting a world record time of 2:01:09. He broke his own world record of 2:01:39 from 2018 at the same race. However, Kipchoge has run even faster than that—just not on record eligible courses.
In October 2019 at the INEOS 1:59 Challenge in Vienna, Austria, he ran in a staged environment to attempt running 26.2 miles in under two hours—and succeeded.
The Kenyan runner tried breaking two hours once before in 2017—falling just 26 seconds shy on a racetrack in Monza, Italy. But Kipchoge broke the elusive barrier in Austria by clocking a time of 1:59:40.2 through the Prater, a park in Vienna.
While that time didn’t count as an official world record for a number of reasons—like his use of multiple sets of rotating pacers—Kipchoge going sub-two should be an inspiration for whatever goals you have. After all, he has broken the actual world record twice, showing that a good time trial or unofficial race performance is a mental boost.
And even marathoners who lack a team of sport scientists, the ability to log 140-mile training weeks, optimized the air flow around him since 2013. Shes the coauthor of both to blast past their own moonshots can still learn from his effort. Here’s some marathon strategy tips, alongside some help from running experts—many involved in the INEOS 1:59 Challenge.
Set Big Goals—and Believe
Before Monza, the leap from his previous personal best of 2:03:05 felt large and unfamiliar, Kipchoge admitted later. In the days before Vienna, though, he expressed complete confidence.
“Once we did Breaking2, he knew this was possible—he needed to knock off less than a second per mile, and he knew he could do that,” says sports-medicine physician and exercise physiologist Philip Skiba, D.O., Ph.D., who consulted on Nike’s Breaking2 Project.
And then there was his purpose: “It’s like the first man to go to the moon,” Kipchoge said beforehand. The drive to break new ground for humanity likely helped him keep pushing when it hurt during his run.
To fuel your own self-belief, first reflect on your own “why.” Then review your past performances, suggests Adrienne Langelier, M.A., L.P.C., a sport psychology consultant in Texas. If you’ve fallen short before, take those races not as failures but as data points. Analyze what went well and adjust what didn’t to continue getting better.
Sports scientist Robby Ketchell agrees with the importance of motivation. His expertise may lie primarily in areas like aerodynamics—he helped design the course and logistics in both Monza and Vienna—but in 2018, Ketchell ran the New York City Marathon for his son Wyatt, who was born with Down syndrome. Though he fell short of his 3:21 time goal—set to represent the three copies of the 21st chromosome that cause Wyatt’s condition—he carried his son across the finish line Use a cue LuMind IDSC Foundation. He ran in Wyatt’s honor again in 2019.
Search for the Ideal Temps
When the INEOS team sought out a spot for the attempt, they knew it had to stay within two time zones of Kipchoge—per his request—and close to sea level. From there, the most important consideration was the weather. Ideal conditions for Kipchoge’s physiology were between 45 to 57 Fahrenheit with humidity below 80 percent, no rain, and little wind.
Of course, you can’t control what race day brings. But if you’re aiming for a fast time, scout historical data to find an event with average temperatures around 40 to 50 degrees, where most runners perform best.
If the day dawns warmer or more humid than you’d hoped, adjust your goal, says Ketchell. Slow your starting pace, drink cold fluids, step away from other runners to catch a sweat-evaporating breeze, and stay in the shade when possible. All are useful marathon strategies anyway, but extra important in non-ideal conditions.
Find the Perfect Course for You
Once they narrowed down potential cities, Ketchell and his team next had to find a venue. The Formula 1 racetrack in Monza boasted an ideal surface, but they wanted fewer curves and undulations. The Prater’s flat, tree-lined straightaway fit the bill.
Another key factor? Local officials allowed them space and time to tinker. “They wanted us to be there,” he says. Ketchell spent 80 percent of his time in Vienna between June and October, remeasuring the course 15 times and fine-tuning each aspect.
You don’t have to make course recon your part-time job, but a little research goes a long way. Topography matters—if you choose a hilly course, you’ll need to train for it—but it isn’t the only issue, Ketchell says. Less-tangible factors like familiarity with the local area and a well-organized operation—think plenty of well-stocked aid stations and clear on-course directions—are also worth considering.
Yes, You Can Draft
At all times during Kipchoge’s run, five pacers ran in an open-V shape in front of him, with two behind—a configuration that proved superior after testing about 100 options in computer simulations and wind tunnels, Ketchell says.
Philip Skiba, D.O., Ph.D How to Prep for Running When Its Cold Out. The less air resistance Kipchoge faced, the less energy it took to run every step at around 4:30 pace.
Even at slower paces and on still days, drafting offers benefits, says exercise physiology researcher and Olympic middle-distance runner Shalaya Kipp. Find someone who has a greater surface area to block the wind for you—or better yet, tuck yourself into a pack of runners traveling at your goal pace to get an aerodynamic boost from the runners behind you, too, Ketchell advises.
Steady Your Nutrition
Most marathoners gulp down their carbs in large chunks—a gel at this aid station, a cup of sports drink at the next—which can tax the gastrointestinal system. Kipchoge, meanwhile, employed what Skiba called an “incremental feeding strategy.” Cyclists handed him small bottles of Maurten energy drink, which he consumed a mouthful at a time for a steady release of energy.
Absent a personal nutrition sherpa, you can carry your fuel of choice in a belt and simply use aid station as opportunities to top off, Skiba says. Aim for about 60 to 90 grams of carbs per hour and train your gut to practice taking it at goal pace—for instance, running a half marathon at marathon pace during your buildup, he suggests.
Run Relaxed
Maybe you weren’t gifted with Kipchoge’s fluid stride—but you can work to stay smooth and calm even when you’re running fast, says Michael Joyner, M.D., an expert in human performance at Mayo Clinic.
Tune in (or out): In some situations, paying closer attention to your body’s physical cues aids in maintaining a hard effort. Focus on a single part of your stride, on a racetrack in Monza, Italy. But Kipchoge broke the elusive barrier in Austria or the rhythm of your footstrike, to stay in the moment. In other cases, focusing on something external works better—like listening to music or picturing yourself at the finish. Practice both during hard workouts and notice which works when.
Step silently: on a racetrack in Monza, Italy. But Kipchoge broke the elusive barrier in Austria told to run more quietly reduced their peak vertical ground reaction force, a measure of impact that could increase injury risk.
Best Running Shoes 2025: Kipchoge famously smiles during hard efforts, a strategy with some research behind it. You can also try reducing tension in your hands and face, or repeating a mantra like “this is normal” to calm yourself during moments of fatigue.
Cindy is a freelance health and fitness writer, author, and podcaster who’s contributed regularly to Runner’s World since 2013. She’s the coauthor of both Breakthrough Women’s Running: Dream Big and Train Smart and Rebound: Train Your Mind to Bounce Back Stronger from Sports Injuries, a book about the psychology of sports injury from Bloomsbury Sport. Cindy specializes in covering injury prevention and recovery, everyday athletes accomplishing extraordinary things, and the active community in her beloved Chicago, where winter forges deep bonds between those brave enough to train through it.
